Muhammad Salman Shah Al-Irfani

This column delves into the critical issue of political polarization and its effects on democracy globally. It explores the causes, including the role of technology, economic inequality, and cultural conflicts, and discusses the consequences such as weakened dialogue, eroded trust in institutions, and the risk of authoritarianism. Highlighting examples from the United States, Europe, and India, the author calls for solutions through empathy, dialogue, education, and responsible use of technology. The essay offers a hopeful perspective, emphasizing that polarization, while challenging, can be addressed through unity, understanding, and resilience, ultimately strengthening democracy.

This paper contributes to the literature by: Exploring AI's Dual Impact: It provides a balanced analysis of both the opportunities and challenges posed by Artificial Intelligence (AI) in developing economies, addressing gaps in existing literature that often emphasize one perspective over the other. Contextualizing AI in Developing Nations: By focusing on the unique socio-economic contexts of developing economies, it bridges the gap between global AI advancements and their localized applications. This contextual approach is essential for crafting policies that resonate with regional realities. Highlighting Sector-Specific Innovations: The paper delves into sector-specific examples such as precision agriculture, healthcare, and financial inclusion, showcasing how AI drives innovation in areas critical to developing nations' growth. Addressing Ethical and Regulatory Dimensions: Unlike many existing studies that focus on technological capabilities, this paper underscores the ethical challenges, such as algorithmic bias and data privacy, providing a comprehensive view of AI's implications. Offering Strategic Recommendations: It proposes actionable strategies for inclusive AI adoption, emphasizing education, local innovation ecosystems, and international cooperation, thus serving as a practical guide for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders. Incorporating Case Studies: Through examples like Kenya’s M-Pesa and India’s precision agriculture initiatives, the paper enriches the literature with real-world instances that highlight AI’s transformative potential and limitations. Encouraging Interdisciplinary Dialogue: By intersecting technology, economics, and ethics, this paper invites a multidisciplinary discourse on AI's role in fostering sustainable development in underrepresented regions. These contributions make the paper a valuable addition to ongoing discussions on leveraging AI for equitable global development.

In a rapidly globalizing world, cultural identity stands at a crossroads, pulled between the enduring strength of tradition and the relentless push of modernity. This column delves into the complexities of maintaining cultural roots while adapting to global influences, exploring how individuals and communities navigate this delicate balance. From the blending of Eastern and Western practices to the challenges faced by diaspora communities and the role of education in shaping identity, the discussion reveals both the struggles and possibilities inherent in this journey. Ultimately, it calls for a future where tradition and modernity coexist, enriching rather than eroding our cultural identities.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming various industries, including healthcare, finance, education, and entertainment. With its immense potential to revolutionize our world, AI also brings significant ethical challenges, requiring a careful balance of technological advancement and moral responsibility.

This paper explores the unique perspectives and contributions of disabled individuals, challenging the stereotypes and social barriers that often hinder their full participation in society. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing the inherent worth and potential of disabled persons, who possess talents, dreams, and aspirations like anyone else. By highlighting the achievements of notable figures such as Shekhar Naik and Helen Keller, the paper demonstrates the significant impact disabled individuals can have when given equal opportunities. It calls for a more inclusive society that values diversity, promotes accessibility, and empowers disabled individuals through tailored education, vocational training, and inclusive employment practices. By fostering an environment that celebrates the abilities within disability, we can create a more equitable and vibrant world for all.

Muhammad Salman Shah, pen name "Al-Irfani," is a distinguished columnist for the New York Times and the founder of the Orate X Foundation, which promotes education and sustainable development. Despite his impactful contributions to public discourse and youth advocacy, his work is not prominently featured in academic circles. This is primarily due to the different metrics for recognition in academia, which prioritize peer-reviewed research publications, empirical studies, and academic affiliations. To bridge this gap, Muhammad Salman Shah can enhance his academic visibility by publishing research-based articles, collaborating with academic researchers, and participating in scholarly conferences. By aligning his efforts with academic standards, he can gain broader recognition and further amplify the impact of his work